Ethylene Glycol

Category: General Science — Chemistry and Environmental Health

Ethylene glycol is a colourless, odourless, viscous organic liquid commonly used in antifreeze formulations, coolants and certain industrial applications.

Key facts

  • Chemical formula: \(C_2H_6O_2\).

  • Chemical name: Ethane-1,2-diol.

  • It is a diol, meaning it contains two hydroxyl \((-OH)\) groups.

  • It is miscible with water.

  • Its relatively low freezing point makes it useful in antifreeze and heat-transfer fluids.

  • It is used in the manufacture of polyester fibres and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Toxicity and health effects

  • Ethylene glycol is toxic if swallowed.

  • The body metabolises it into compounds that can cause metabolic acidosis and kidney damage.

  • Severe poisoning can lead to neurological problems, cardiopulmonary complications and death.

  • Prompt medical treatment is essential when poisoning is suspected.

Environmental concerns

  • Spills may contaminate soil and water.

  • Microbial degradation can consume dissolved oxygen in aquatic environments.

  • Industrial storage and disposal require appropriate safety and pollution-control measures.

UPSC key pointers

  • Ethylene glycol is an organic compound and a diol.

  • Its chemical formula is \(C_2H_6O_2\).

  • It is used in antifreeze, coolants and polyester production.

  • It is distinct from ethylene, \(C_2H_4\), which is a plant hormone involved in fruit ripening.

  • Ethylene glycol poisoning is a medical emergency.