Haemorrhagic Septicaemia: Causes, Symptoms and Prevention

Category: Agriculture, Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

UPSC Notes

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is a serious bacterial disease affecting cattle and buffaloes. It is particularly important in tropical and subtropical livestock systems.

Cause

  • Caused by particular pathogenic strains of Pasteurella multocida.

  • Transmission can occur through respiratory secretions and close contact with infected animals or carriers.

  • Stress, poor management and unfavourable environmental conditions can contribute to outbreaks.

Major symptoms

  • High fever and depression.

  • Swelling around the throat and neck.

  • Difficulty in breathing and swallowing.

  • Rapid deterioration, sometimes resulting in death.

Prevention

  • Regular vaccination according to veterinary advice and local disease-control schedules.

  • Isolation of suspected animals.

  • Improved hygiene, reduced stress and timely veterinary intervention.

  • Disease surveillance and appropriate biosecurity.

Key Pointers for UPSC

  • HS is a bacterial disease, not a viral disease.

  • It is a major concern in cattle and buffaloes.

  • It affects livestock productivity and rural livelihoods.

  • It is distinct from viral haemorrhagic septicaemia, which is a separate disease affecting aquatic animals.