Earthquake Swarm

UPSC Relevance: Environment

Definition

An earthquake swarm is a cluster of earthquakes occurring in a relatively small area without one clearly identifiable dominant mainshock.

Difference from Aftershocks

Earthquake SwarmAftershock Sequence
No clear mainshockHas a mainshock
Events may have similar magnitudesGenerally smaller than mainshock
Activity may persistUsually declines with time
Can involve fluids/magma/fault slipUsually related to mainshock fault adjustment

Possible Causes

  • Fluid movement

  • Magma movement

  • Hydrothermal activity

  • Slow fault slip

  • Tectonic processes

USGS notes that fluids are an important mechanism in many swarms, though not all swarms are volcanic.

UPSC Key Pointer

Swarm ≠ necessarily volcanic eruption.

Earthquake swarms can also occur due to tectonic processes.