Hanging Glaciers

Why in News?

A study identified 219 hanging glaciers in the Alaknanda basin of Uttarakhand, highlighting risks associated with climate warming and permafrost thaw.

What is a Hanging Glacier?

A glacier that:

  • Develops on a steep mountain wall or valley side.
  • Does not extend down to the main valley floor.
  • Often terminates abruptly above a cliff.

Formation

They can occur when:

  1. A major valley glacier retreats/thins.
  2. Tributary glaciers remain perched above the main valley.
  3. The tributary glacier becomes a hanging glacier.

Hazards

Sudden detachment can produce:

  • Ice avalanches
  • Ice-rock avalanches
  • Landslides
  • Glacial lake outburst floods
  • Downstream flooding

Indian Distribution

Important areas include:

  • Uttarakhand
  • Himachal Pradesh
  • Ladakh
  • Sikkim
  • Himalayan-Karakoram region

Prelims Pointer: Hanging glacier ≠ hanging valley.
A hanging valley is a geological valley left above the main valley, whereas a hanging glacier is an ice mass perched on a steep slope/valley side.