Helicase Enzyme: DNA Unwinding, Replication Fork and Genome Stability
UPSC Relevance: Biotechnology | Genetics
Why in News?
A 2026 study examined molecular controls that prevent premature activation of helicase during DNA replication.
What is Helicase?
An enzyme and molecular motor that unwinds double-stranded nucleic acids.
During DNA Replication
Helicase:
Binds DNA.
Uses energy generated from ATP hydrolysis.
Breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
Separates DNA strands.
Creates the replication fork.
Important Concept
Helicase works alongside:
DNA polymerase.
Topoisomerase.
Primase.
Single-strand binding proteins.
Prelims Pointer: Helicase unwinds DNA; DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA.
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