• Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral disease affecting birds, particularly poultry.

  • It is caused by virulent strains of Avian Paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1).

  • It can cause:

    • Respiratory problems

    • Neurological symptoms

    • Diarrhoea

    • Drop in egg production

    • High mortality in severe outbreaks

  • It is also called Ranikhet disease in India.

  • WOAH lists highly pathogenic Newcastle disease as a notifiable animal disease.

  • Vaccination and strict biosecurity are important control measures.

Key Pointers

  • Virus: Avian Paramyxovirus-1

  • Affected: Poultry and other birds

  • Indian name: Ranikhet disease

  • Transmission: Direct contact, respiratory secretions, contaminated material

  • Human disease: Rare and generally mild conjunctivitis

  • UPSC angle: Livestock economy + zoonoses