Petroglyphs

Category: Indian History and Art & Culture — Archaeology

Petroglyphs are images, symbols or designs created by engraving, pecking, scratching or carving rock surfaces. They provide evidence of prehistoric and historical human activity.

Key facts

  • They may depict animals, human figures, hunting scenes, geometric patterns and ritual symbols.

  • Common techniques include direct carving, pecking and abrasion.

  • They are found in many parts of India, including Ladakh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and other regions.

  • Their age varies considerably; not all rock engravings are prehistoric.

  • They provide evidence about ancient societies, artistic expression, subsistence practices and cultural beliefs.

Petroglyphs versus pictographs

Petroglyphs

Pictographs

Images engraved or carved into rock

Images painted or drawn on rock

Rock surface is physically modified

Pigments are applied to the surface

UPSC key pointers

  • Petroglyphs are a form of rock art.

  • They are not necessarily a written language.

  • Dating methods may include archaeological context, associated material, weathering studies and scientific analysis.

  • Preservation is threatened by erosion, vandalism, construction and uncontrolled tourism.