Solar Flare

Why in News?

Scientists have been studying short-lived brightenings that occur before major solar flares. Recent solar activity also included an M6.9-class flare and associated coronal mass ejections.

What is a Solar Flare?

A solar flare is a sudden explosion of energy in the Sun's atmosphere caused by the release of energy stored in twisted magnetic fields, generally associated with sunspots.

Radiation Released

Across the electromagnetic spectrum:

  • Radio waves
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays

Solar Flare Classification

A → weakest
B → stronger
C → moderate
M → strong
X → strongest

Each class is roughly 10 times more powerful than the previous class.

Effects on Earth

Strong flares can cause:

  • Radio blackouts
  • Satellite communication disruption
  • Navigation problems
  • Increased radiation exposure for astronauts
  • Geomagnetic disturbances, particularly when associated with CMEs

Important Distinction

Solar flare ≠ CME

  • Flare → burst of electromagnetic radiation.
  • CME → huge release of magnetised plasma.