Atherosclerosis

Key notes

  • Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaques in arterial walls.

  • Plaques contain:

    • Lipids.
    • Cholesterol.
    • Calcium.
    • Fibrous tissue.
  • It causes narrowing and hardening of arteries.

  • Major risk factors:

    • High LDL cholesterol.
    • Hypertension.
    • Diabetes.
    • Smoking.
    • Obesity.
    • Physical inactivity.

  • It can lead to:

    • Coronary artery disease.
    • Heart attack.
    • Stroke.
    • Peripheral artery disease.
  • It is different from arteriosclerosis, which is a broader term for arterial stiffening.

  • Prevention includes:

    • Healthy diet.
    • Regular exercise.
    • Smoking cessation.
    • Blood-pressure and lipid control.
  • Statins may be used to reduce LDL cholesterol.