Melanoma

Key notes

  • Melanoma is a malignant cancer arising from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells.
  • It most commonly affects the skin but may also occur in the eye and mucosal surfaces.

  • Major risk factors:

    • Ultraviolet radiation.
    • Excessive sun exposure.
    • Fair skin.
    • Family history.
    • Multiple or atypical moles.

  • The ABCDE rule helps identify suspicious lesions:

    • Asymmetry.
    • Border irregularity.
    • Colour variation.
    • Diameter.
    • Evolving appearance.
  • Melanoma can metastasise early.

  • Prevention includes:

    • Sun protection.
    • Avoiding tanning beds.
    • Periodic skin examination.
  • Early diagnosis substantially improves treatment outcomes.